1 Adopting a purist approach to spiritual practice, Wahhabism is a movement within the Sunni sect of Islam heavily favored in Saudi Arabia. The strict spiritual lessons imparted upon Umar in his childhood in Saudi Arabia, such as the denigration of practices like amulets or prayer beads, were often at odds with the Sufism practiced by the majority of his family in Sudan, and this became the source of a deep spiritual tension.
2 Islamism was a political strategy practiced by the National Congress Party, the party responsible for Sudan’s 1989 military coup and ousted president Omar Al Bashir. After the coup of 1989, the Sudanese population’s sentiments towards art slowly began to reflect the government-support ideology that art was frivolous, distasteful, blasphemous, and the antithesis of religiosity or morality.